Endaweni yobuciko, ukuluthwa utshwala kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ngokusho kwabanye abaculi, utshwala bubenza bazizwe bebukhali futhi busiza ekwakheni. Abanye bavumile ukuthi baqala ukuhlukumeza "inyoka eluhlaza" ngenxa yezinkinga zomndeni noma zezezimali. Kwabanye, i- "trigger" kwaba ukuwa okungazelelwe kodumo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi sokuphumula esiphoqelelwe kulo msebenzi. Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe yiziphi izizathu, isiphetho singaba sibuhlungu. Nalu uhlu olunezithombe zabalingisi abadumile baseSoviet nabalingisi ababulawa ukuphuza utshwala.
U-Oleg Dal (1941 - 1981)
- "UZhenya, uZhenya noKatyusha", "Okudala, okudala", "I-Adventures yePrince Florizel"
Umnikazi wethalente elingavamile, u-Oleg waduma esemncane kakhulu, edlale izindima ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ebhayisikobho. Kepha isiqalo esihle besisengcupheni. Umshado ophuthuma noNina Doroshina, owagcina ngesehlukaniso, waphawula ukuqala kothando olubi, olwalukhule ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Abaqondisi bebengazimisele ngokudubula umculi ophenduke isidakwa. Izithombe ezithathwe ngaphambi nangemva kokuvela komkhuba oyingozi zibonisa kahle ukuthi ukubukeka komculi kushintshe kangakanani ngaphansi kwethonya leziphuzo ezinamandla.
Uhlamvu lukaDahl olunzima kakhulu lwaluhlupha nodaba: ngemuva kwelinye iqembu, wayehlala enza amahlazo esizeni esisebenzayo. Ngalesi sizathu, izikhathi zokuqopha okusebenzayo zazivame ukushintshwa isikhathi sokuphumula, esathinta isimo sengqondo somlingisi. Futhi walwa nokudangala esebenzisa indlela esivele yafakazelwa. Izikhathi eziningana u-Oleg Ivanovich wazama ukuqeda lo mkhuba ngisho nokufaka amakhodi, kepha lokhu akuzange kulethe umphumela owuthandayo. Intandokazi yababukeli baseSoviet yafa entwasahlobo ka-1981 eneminyaka engama-39.
UVladimir Vysotsky (1938 - 1980)
- "Indawo yomhlangano ayinakuguqulwa", "Indaba yokuthi uTsar Peter washada kanjani ne-arap", "Vertical"
Umculi odumile wendima kaGleb Zheglov naye usohlwini lwabalingisi bamafilimu basekhaya ababulawa utshwala. UVysotsky akazange alufihle uthando lwakhe lweziphuzo ezinamandla. Futhi iningi lamadili ayeya kuwo ngokuvamile ayegcina ngamahlazo nasezimpini.
Izehlakalo ezingathandeki zenzeka zombili esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini nasetheni, lapho umculi ayevela khona njalo ekudakweni okuhle. Izikhathi zokuphuza isikhathi eside bezingajwayelekile empilweni yomculi. Ebona yonke ingozi yokulutha futhi efuna ukuyiqeda, uVladimir Semenovich wathunga ama-capsule akhethekile ngaphansi kwesikhumba izikhathi eziningana, kodwa wehluleka. NgoJulayi 24, 1980, inhliziyo yomdlali odumile yayeka ukushaya, engakwazi ukumelana nokuhlukunyezwa njalo kotshwala nezidakamizwa.
U-Yuri Bogatyrev (1947 - 1989)
- "Ekhaya phakathi kwabantu esingabazi, umfokazi phakathi kwabangani", "Isigqila sothando", "Izinduna ezimbili"
U-Yuri Bogatyrev ungomunye wabaculi abayizwe ngokugcwele imiphumela emibi yeziphuzo ezidakayo. Inkazimulo ye-All-Union yehlela kuye ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu ethi "Omunye wethu phakathi kwabantu esingabazi, umfokazi phakathi kwethu", lapho umlingisi adlale khona indima enkulu. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Chekist Yegor Shilov kwakumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi iziphakamiso ezintsha zokuqopha amafilimu zazingakabiphi ukuza. Abaqondisi ngazwilinye baphinde ngamakhono amangalisayo okulingisa kaYuri kanye nokukwazi kwakhe ukudlala izindima ezahlukahlukene kakhulu.
Kepha umculi, ophumelele futhi odingeka ngendlela yokudala, wayengajabule kakhulu futhi enesizungu empilweni yakhe yangasese. Akanikelanga ebhalansini yakhe yengqondo nokuthambekela kokukhuluphala, nobungqingili obufihlekile. Engathokozile ngokungafani kwakhe, le ndoda yaminza imicabango engathandeki ophuzweni oludakayo.
Ushintsho olusuka eSovremennik Theatre laya eMoscow Art Theatre, iqembu lalo elalidume ngothando lwalo lotshwala, lwasibhebhethekisa isimo: UBogatyrev waqala ukuphuza okuncane okumnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthembela "enyokeni eluhlaza" kwaba yinhlekelele, ngakho-ke kwasetshenziswa ama-lotion, ama-colognes nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuthanjiswa. Umzimba womlingisi, onesimo sakhe sonakaliswe ukuphuza njalo nokusetshenziswa kwezidambisi, akusebenzi kahle. Umculi ohlakaniphe kakhulu udlule emhlabeni ngaphambi kwenyanga yakhe yokuzalwa engama-42.
UValentina Serova (1917 - 1975)
- "Izinhliziyo zabane", "Ngilindeni", "Intombazane enenhlamvu"
Omunye wabalingisi abahle kakhulu e-USSR, owathola umklomelo weStalin Prize naye usohlwini lwethu losaziwayo ababulewe wutshwala. Ngesinye isikhathi, iziqu ezithandekayo kakhulu zezwe zazinakekela uValentina, kodwa inhliziyo yakhe wayinika umshayeli wokuhlola, iqhawe lempi yombango waseSpain, u-A. Serov. Ngeshwa, inyunyana yomndeni wabo ayihlalanga isikhathi eside, njengoba le ndoda yaphahlazeka ngesikhathi ihlola indiza entsha. Imbongi edumile uKonstantin Simonov waba ngumlingani olandelayo wenkanyezi yefilimu, kodwa lo mshado awunakubizwa ngokuthi uyajabula. Umbhali wencwadi ethi “Ngilindeni, ngizobuya ...” wenza umkakhe waba yisithixo, yize uSerova uqobo engazange abe nemizwa enamandla yokuziphindiselela futhi wavumela ukuthandwa.
Namuhla kunzima ukusho ukuthi siyini ngempela isizathu esenze umlingisi ukuthi athathe ibhodlela. Kodwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s, wayesevele ephuze kakhulu utshwala. Ukuluthwa utshwala kube nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu siqu yenkanyezi nomsebenzi wakhe. Lo mculi odakiwe waxoshwa endaweni yaseshashalazini ngokulandelana, futhi zazingasekho iziphakamiso zokuqopha. USerova waya kaningana esibhedlela ngomzamo wokuqeda lo mkhuba wakhe, kepha wayehluleka njalo. Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yowesifazane yachitha emigqonyeni engapheli, futhi akusalanga nhlobo umkhondo wobuhle bangaphambili.
U-Andrey Krasko (1957 - 2006)
- "Indawo yokubheka", "amamitha angama-72", "Ukufa koMbuso"
U-Andrey Krasko uyaqhubeka nohlu lwethu lwezithombe lwabalingisi abadumile baseSoviet nabalingisi ababulawa ukuphuza utshwala. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi yingcweti yesiqephu. Futhi impela kunjalo. Umculi unezindima ezincane ezingaphezu kuka-80 ngaphansi kwebhande lakhe, azenze ngendlela yokuthi aze asibekele abalingiswa abasemqoka. Ngeshwa, noma ithalente, noma ukufunwa ebhayisikobho, noma uthando lwezethameli alusindisi umculi ezinkingeni ngotshwala.
Njengoba uKrasko ngokwakhe avumile, waqala ukuphuza ngemuva nje kwesikole, esehlulekile izivivinyo esikhungweni semidlalo yaseshashalazini. Esikhundleni sokufunda, kwakudingeka asebenze njengomlindi wesiteji. Futhi phakathi kwalabo asebenza nabo kanzima, cishe wonke umuntu wabekwa ngemuva kwekhola, ngakho-ke naye, waba umlutha ngokushesha. Lapho ekugcineni kufezeka iphupho lokuba ngumlingisi, u-Andrei waqhubeka ephuza.
Ngokusho kuka-Ivan Ivanovich, uyise, lolu daba aluzange lugcwaliseke. Kakade esengumlingisi owaziwayo webhayisikobho, umculi wazibiza ngokuthi ungumlutha wotshwala, wazama ukususa lo mkhuba obhubhisayo, kodwa ngeze. Inhliziyo, eyenziwe buthakathaka yiminyaka yokuhlukumeza imimoya ne-nicotine, yehlulekile. UKrasko ushone ngonyaka wama-49 wempilo yakhe.
UFrunzik Mkrtchyan (1930 - 1993)
- "Mimino", "Isiboshwa seCaucasus, noma iShurik's New Adventures", "Vanity of Vanities"
Umculi odumile wayethandwa yizethameli zeSoviet Union yonke, futhi izipesheli zamaholide ahlukahlukene zatholwa ngokungapheli. Engafuni ukucasula abantu ngokwenqaba kwakhe, uFrunzik wamukela izimemo. Amadili angenabungozi ayevame ukuphenduka isiphihli sangesonto lonke, kuhambisane nokudansa, izingoma nemifula yotshwala. Mhlawumbe uthando lwempilo yobumnandi ngabe luhlala lukuzijabulisa, kepha izinkinga zomndeni zengeza umlilo.
Unkosikazi kaMkrtchyan ubenesifo sengqondo esibi, ngakho-ke umlingisi bekufanele ayeke izindima eziningi ukuze anakekele umkakhe. Futhi emva kwesikhashana, indodana yomdlali wefilimu yathola isifo esifanayo. Ecindezelwe ngokoqobo usizi olwehlele kuye nokungakwazi ukusebenza ngamandla aphelele, uFrunzik waqala ukufuna induduzo ngaphansi kwebhodlela futhi ngokushesha waphenduka isidakwa. Ukuwa kwe-USSR kwaqeda ngokunengqondo umsebenzi womculi wabantu. Umculi, owayengasenandaba nokuphila, wayephuza yedwa, ehleli efulethini lakhe laseYerevan. Isikhundla esidabukisayo senzeka ngoDisemba 29, 1993: UMkrtchyan ushone ngemuva kwesonto lokuphuza.
UViktor Kosykh (1950 - 2011)
- "Siyakwamukela, noma Cha Ukungena Okungagunyaziwe", "Bayafona, Bavule Umnyango", "Abaphindiseli Abangenakwenzeka"
Phakathi kwabalingisi ababulawa ukuphuza utshwala kwakukhona umlingisi womlingiswa kaDanka ovela endabeni edumile yama-adventure ngabaphindiseli abangaphumeleli. UVictor wathola indima yakhe yokuqala ye-movie eneminyaka engu-13 futhi ngokushesha wathandwa. Abaqondisi bakujabulele ukumema umfana omuhle futhi onethalente kumafilimu abo. Ngesikhathi engena ku-VGIK, umthwalo wokudala womculi osemusha wawunemisebenzi engaphezu kwengu-10 ephumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuphothula eyunivesithi, zazingekho iziphakamiso eziningi zokuqopha ifilimu, futhi izindima zazingaphezulu kwesibili.
Ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, kwafika izikhathi ezinzima nhlobo. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, kungaleso sikhathi lapho uKosykh aqala khona ukuphuza ukubhekana nokudangala okubangelwe ukungabi bikho komsebenzi nokuntuleka kwemali. Okuwukuphela komthombo wokuziphilisa womculi kwakungamakhonsathi, lapho akhuluma khona ngomlando wakhe wokudala. Ukuqala kwekhulu lama-21 kwaletha uVictor izindima eziningana ezaqhamuka kumafilimu, sonke isikhathi wasebenza eTemp Theatre yeMass Performance. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2011, lo mlingisi owake waduma wabulawa wukopha ebuchosheni okubangelwa inani elikhulu lotshwala obudakiwe.
Izolda Izvitskaya (1932 - 1971)
- "Amashumi amane nanye", "Ukuthula kokungenayo", "Sizibizela umlilo"
Umlingisikazi, ogama lakhe liduma eminyakeni yama-50 yekhulu elidlule, naye waba yisisulu somkhuba owonakalisayo. Uvuke edumile ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu uGrigory Chukhrai "Forty-first". Ithalente lika-Isolde laziswa hhayi kuphela ekhaya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, naseParis baze baqamba nekhefi ngokumhlonipha. Izipesheli zokudubula zawela ku-Izvitskaya ngokulandelana. Kuyiqiniso, lezi bekuyizindima zabesifazane bamaKhomanisi ezithombeni ze-propaganda. Futhi umculi yena waphupha ngomsebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele.
Kancane kancane, ukuthandwa kwakhe kwaqala ukwehla, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umculi waqala ukuphuza ukuze akhohlwe ngezinkinga okwesikhashana. Kepha iziphuzo ezinamandla zashesha ukulawula ingqondo nomzimba wenkanyezi yangaphambili. Kwisethi, wayevame ukufika edakiwe, akhohlwe umbhalo, aziphathe kahle. Ngokushesha kwakungekho msebenzi, futhi Isolde waqala ukuphuza kakhulu.
Umyeni, ehluleka ukumelana nomoya ongapheli womkakhe, waya komunye wesifazane. Lapho ngolunye usuku abantu ababesebenza naye bezomvakashela, bathola owesifazane owayedangele ngokuphelele. Ngomzamo wokusiza ukubhekana nokulutha, u-Izvitskaya welulekwa ukuba aphendukele kubadokotela bezidakamizwa, kodwa wenqaba ngokuqinile. Lo mculi ushone eneminyaka engama-39 ebulawa yindlala isikhathi eside ebhekene nesidakwa.
U-Elena Mayorova (1958 - 1997)
- “Ababili Nobodwa”, “Amahostela Abodwa”, “Isitimela Esisheshayo”
Uhlu lwethu lwezithombe lwabalingisi abadumile baseSoviet nabalingisi ababulawa ukuphuza utshwala luqedwa ngu-Elena Mayorova. Ithalente lakhe belingenakuphikwa, futhi ukubukeka okubuhlungu nokumamatheka ngobumnene kwephule inhliziyo engaphezu kweyodwa yowesilisa. Abaqondisi babemi ulayini ukuheha lesi sihlabani kumafilimu abo. Ngeshwa, empilweni yakhe siqu u-Elena wayengajabule kakhulu: wayengakwazi ukuba nezingane, futhi umyeni wakhe akazange abe ngumsekeli wangempela kuye. Ukuze ubhekane nemicabango emibi futhi unciphise ukungezwani, uMayorova waqala ukuphuza. Wayengenaso isikhathi eside, kodwa, ngokusho kwezinkumbulo zabangane, wawela kalula esimweni sokudakwa kwezifo futhi ngalesi sikhathi wenza izinto ezimbi.
Lokhu yikho kanye okwenzeka ngo-Agasti 23, 1997. Ngemuva kokuxabana nomyeni wakhe, u-Elena, njengenjwayelo, waqala ukufuna induduzo ezansi kwebhodlela. Kwathi-ke, esevele ephuzile, wazithela ngophalafini wazokhela ngomlilo. Odokotela abafikile abakwazanga ukusindisa uMculi Ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR.
